Loading...
15-07 ResolutionRECORD OF RESOLUTIONS Dayton Legal Blank, Inc ,Form No 30045 1 1 1 15-07 (Amended) Resolution No. Passed 20, A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO ENTER INTO AN AGREEMENT WITH TECHCOLUMBUS WHEREAS, Dublin's dynamic local economy is the direct result of an entrepreneurial spirit; and WHEREAS, the City of Dublin recognizes that in addition to its efforts to retain, expand and attract business, the City must also set the conditions for job creation; and WHEREAS, the City of Dublin must facilitate entrepreneurship in order to increase the level of entrepreneurial activity and improve the chances of establishing successful technology enterprises by honing their skills and providing access to necessary tools, technical and financial resources, and by working proactively to enhance the local entrepreneurial environment; and WHERAS, it is the goal of the City of Dublin to accelerate the successful development of start-up and fledgling companies by providing entrepreneurs with an array of targeted resources and services in order to produce successful companies that will be financially viable, freestanding and create quality jobs for the region; and WHEREAS, the City of Dublin and TechColumbus have jointly pursued an Entrepreneurial Signature Program (ESP) grant from the State of Ohio to increase and assist technology-based entrepreneurial commercialization initiatives by providing a funding match of two dollars to every one dollar set aside by the City of Dublin over a three year period; and WHEREAS, TechColumbus is a membership led, non-profit organization of technology based companies in the Central Ohio region and is the only organization that fully qualifies as an applicant for ESP in the Central Ohio region and is the "Lead Applicant" for the 15 county region; and WHEREAS, TechColumbus is uniquely qualified and staffed to provide those services needed to support technology-based entrepreneurial initiatives and support services; and WHEREAS, the City of Dublin and TechColumbus desire to enter into an Agreement memorializing the responsibilities and commitments of each party to efficiently and effectively execute the successful grant of ESP monies. NOW, HEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Council of the City of Dublin, State of Ohi of the elected members concurring: Section 1. That the City Manager is hereby authorized to enter into an Agreement with TechColumbus, attached hereto as Exhibit "A." Section 2. That this Resolution shall take effect and be in force on the earliest date permitted by law. Passed this day of ~~it/v+--4i , 2007. F Mayor- Presiding Officer ATTEST: ~i~~ ~` Clerk of Council Office of the City Manager 5200 Emerald Parkway • Dublin, OH 43017-1006 CTfY OF DUBLIN_ Phone: 614-410-4400 • Fax: 614-410-4490 TO: Members of City Council FROM: Jane S. Brautigam, City Manager DATE: May 31, 2007 Memo INITIATED BY: Dana L. McDaniel, Deputy City Manager/Director of Economic Development RE: Resolution 15-07(Amended) -TechColumbus Agreement Summary Attached for your consideration is Resolution 15-07(Amended), authorizing the City Manager to enter into an agreement with TechColumbus. As discussed at Council's May 16th Work Session, this agreement (Exhibit "A"), if authorized, will allow the City of Dublin and TechColumbus to memorialize their partnership for the purpose of developing "deal flow," providing entrepreneurial assistance programs and access to funding/capital. By approving Resolution 66-06, Dublin City Council demonstrated a commitment and unique understanding to assist technology-based commercialization initiatives and entrepreneurial start-up companies. As a result of several cities, agencies and organizations, like Dublin, who committed matching funds in order to secure this grant for the region, the State of Ohio in April awarded TechColumbus a $6.2 million Entrepreneurial Signature Program (ESP) grant as Central Ohio's lead agency. Dublin may have access to as much as $22 million available to the 15-county area. The City of Dublin's $250,000 for the first year of the three-year agreement is reflected in the 2007 budget. This program is intended to implement Council's goal to CREATE high-tech and knowledge-based jobs. Background Staff has continued to work with TechColumbus to modify the agreement presented to Council in March. Council is aware these grant dollars cannot be used for capital purchases or leases that would have subsidized or enabled the establishment of a business incubator in Dublin. Staff proposes NOT to pursue an incubator at this time. "Deal flow" should first be generated to justify the need for an incubator. Should a track record of success be established to justify an incubator, the City could work with other communities and the State to modify the rules governing the ESP grant or seek additional state funds to assist with incubator costs; seek corporate sponsorship; receive rent from new start-up companies and/or the City could choose to provide additional funding to establish such an incubator. Staff recommends that the combination of the City's matching dollars, the ESP grant dollars and TechColumbus services be focused on: • TechColumbus providing one experienced staff member focused on Dublin (more staffing will be provided if deal flow is significant) Memo to Council re Resolution 15-07(Amended) -TechColumbus Agreement May 31, 2007 Page 2 of 2 • Network to locate new and potential technology ideas and start-up companies. • Create networks among them • Assess their potential and legitimacy • Market and communicate to promote services and funding • Provide access to funding/capital (Tech Angel, VC, ESP funds & Small Business Loans) • Provide access to "entrepreneur(s)-in-residence" • Provide access to entrepreneurial training • Generate "deal flow" as a result of the resources and activities listed above ESP grant dollars will allow TechColumbus to significantly expand its services and make grant dollars available throughout the 15 counties for which they have been designated as the lead agency. TechColumbus' services and ESP grant dollars will follow the deal flow. The City of Dublin should benefit from this as a result of a TechColumbus staff person focused primarily, if not entirely, on Dublin. Also, Dublin should experience success in producing deal flow due to its demographics. In fact, there are already start-up companies in Dublin who could benefit from TechColumbus' services and ESP grant dollars. A termination clause (Section 6(i)) has been defined and is now provided herein. Please contact Dana McDaniel with any questions you may have at 410-4619. Recommendation Legal staff has reviewed the agreement and approved as to form. Staff recommends Council approve Resolution 15-07(Amended) on June 4, 2007 authorizing the City Manager to enter into the agreement with TechColumbus. EXHIBIT "A" AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF DUBLIN, OHIO AND TECHCOLUMBUS This AGREEMENT (the "Agreement') is made and entered into this day of 2007, by and between the CITY OF DUBLIN, OHIO (the "City"), a municipal corporation duly organized and validly existing under the Constitution and the laws of the State of Ohio (the "State") and its Charter, and TechColumbus ("TechColumbus") an Ohio not-for-profit Ohio corporation, under the circumstances summarized in the following recitals: WHEREAS, Dublin's dynamic local economy is the direct result of an entrepreneurial spirit; and WHEREAS, the City of Dublin recognizes that in addition to its efforts to retain, expand and attract business, the City must also "set the conditions" for "job creation"; and WHEREAS, the City of Dublin seeks to provide the necessary "anchor(s)" to contribute to the development of its technology park; and WHEREAS, the City of Dublin must facilitate entrepreneurship in order to increase the level of entrepreneurial activity and improve the chances of establishing successful technology enterprises by honing their skills and providing access to necessary tools, technical and financial resources, and by working proactively to enhance the local entrepreneurial environment; and WHEREAS, it is the goal of the City of Dublin to accelerate the successful development of start-up and fledgling companies by providing entrepreneurs with an array of targeted resources and services in order to produce successful companies that «~ill be financially viable, freestanding and create quality jobs for the region; and WHEREAS, the City of Dublin and TechColumbus have jointly pursued an Entrepreneurial Signature Program (ESP) grant from the State of Ohio to increase and assist technology-based entrepreneurial commercialization initiatives by providing a funding match of two dollars to every one dollar set aside by the City of Dublin over a three year period; and WHEREAS, TechColumbus is anon-profit organization which advocates technology advancement in the 15 county Central Ohio region and is the only organization that fully qualifies as an applicant for ESP in the Central Ohio region and is the "Lead Applicant" for the 15 county region; and WHEREAS, TechColumbus is uniquely qualified and staffed to provide those services needed to support technology-based entrepreneurial initiatives and support services; and Agreement As of: May 24, 2007 TechColumbus and the City of Dublin, Ohio WHEREAS, the City of Dublin and TechColumbus desire to enter into an Agreement memorializing the responsibilities and commitments of each party to efficiently and effectively execute the successful grant of ESP monies. NOW, therefore, the City of Dublin and TechColumbus covenant agree and obligate themselves as follows: Section 1. TechColumbus' Agreement to Provide Services. TechColumbus agrees that it will provide the following: service territory, staffing, stimulate "deal flow"; access to entrepreneurial assistance programs and TechColumbus relationships; access to funding/capital and budget. (a) Service Territory. As a result of receiving the ESP grant, TechColumbus has been designated as the lead applicant/agency for a 15-county area. (b) Staffing. TechColumbus agrees to establish a physical presence in Dublin to include AT LEAST one full-time employee who will serve as "Business Development Representative (BDR)". TechColumbus will be responsible for hiring, retaining, firing, salary, benefits, resources and supervision of this and/or any additional employees. The City of Dublin will be included in the hiring process for the "BDR"of the Dublin-based services and will be given the opportunity for input to the hiring decision. The final hiring decision will rest with TechColumbus. Any additional employee hired to be subordinate to the BDR will be hired at the sole discretion of TechColumbus. TechColumbus agrees to meet quarterly with the City in order to consider the City's input regarding the performance of the "BDR". (c) Physical Presence. TechColumbus will establish and provide at its expense no less than 500 square feet of office space for its employee. Said office space shall be established within the City's Central Ohio Innovation Center, unless otherwise agreed to by the City. Said office space shall be maintained in the City for life of this Agreement. (d) Deal Flow. TechColumbus agrees that maximizing "deal flow" is essential to the success of achieving job creation and is committed to do so. TechColumbus will have the primary responsibility to develop "deal flow" within the City of Dublin. TechColumbus will identify prospective entrepreneurial start-up companies or individuals representing pre-company opportunities best suited for capital investment and high-growth. At a minimum, TechColumbus will coordinate activities to stimulate deal flow. Such activities will include, but not be limited to: networking/social events to promote collaboration, experience sharing and access to potential deal flow; comprehensive marketing plan to include branding, marketing materials and promotions to include connective links among and between the TechColumbus and Dublin websites; and interviewing and assessing/screening potential "deals". Aweb-based directory will be 2 Agreement As of: May 24, 2007 TechColumbus and the City of Dublin, Ohio established/made available to provide an inventory of services, announce networking/social and training opportunities and provide links to other related services and organizations, to be determined by TechColumbus and the City. TechColumbus will bring to bear all designated and available resources to maximize "deal flow". (e) Entrepreneurial assistance programs and TechColumbus relationships. a. TechColumbus agrees to extend and make available its entrepreneurial assistance programs to actual and potential entrepreneurial individuals/companies from within Dublin at all its facilities and in Dublin itself. Such programs will include, but not be limited to: training workshops and seminars; access to experienced and successful mentors, seasonal/serial entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs-in-residence, technology commercialization specialists, and new startup coaches; and access to TechColumbus' relationships such as universities/colleges, attorneys, consultants, research institutes, government, etc. b. TechColumbus agrees to assist in the City's collaboration with area schools, colleges/ universities, public agencies and Cities to promote entrepreneurship and technology to students of all ages. The goal is to invest long term in our youth to promote technology, entrepreneurship and potentially workforce development. (f) Eligibility. TechColumbus agrees to work with the City to establish eligibility criteria to screen and determine "qualified leads". (g) Access to Funding/Capital. TechColumbus agrees to provide individuals/ companies from the service territory access to funding to include: a. TechGenesis Fund ($2,000,000). Imagining stage, pre-company grants ($10,000-$90,000) to validate early tech ideas, build prototypes, complete marketing studies, etc for the most promising opportunities. b. Regional Commercialization Fund ($2,250,000). Startup convertible debt funding for the most promising opportunities. With each investment, TechColumbus will install an Entrepreneur in Residence in the portfolio cornpany to assist it in reaching the goal of follow-on, institutional or angel funding. c. Ohio TechAngel Funds I and Fund II ($2,500,000 and $4,800,000). Local angel funds managed by TechColumbus which make equity investments in Ohio tech startups. d. CoInvestment Fund ($2,500,000). Startup fund which co-invests with other TechColurbus funds and includes signif°icant pro Bono support from Nationwide. e. TechColumbus rags nt pro~ams for state and federal grant proposal writing assistance. f. TechColumbus and SBDC expertise and access to SBA loans for small businesses. Agreement As of: May 24, 2007 TechColumbus and the City of Dublin, Ohio g. Access to any and all other funding programs that may now be available but not listed above or that may become available at a later date. h. Access to funding shall be until such a time the ESP grant funds made available as a result of the City's contribution are exhausted. (h) Minimum Performance Metrics. TechColumbus agrees to the following performance metrics as minimum targets: a. Year 1. Five (5) new/start-up companies will be established in Dublin. b. Year 2. Five (5) additional new/start-up companies will be established in Dublin for a total often (10). c. Year 3. Five additional new/start-up companies will be established in Dublin (for a total of 15). (i) Reporting. TechColumbus will provide the City a QucrrterlyActivity Report summarizing the type and amount of activity in all areas listed above. The format and specifics of the content to be included in the report will be mutually agreed upon between the City and TechColumbus. (j) Acknowled eg ment. TechColumbus agrees to acknowledge the City of Dublin as a "Stakeholder" and will include the City of Dublin in its sponsorship opportunities, website and other opportunities for acknowledgement as key stakeholder and partner. Section 2. The City Agrees to Provide Services. (a) Service territory. The City of Dublin agrees to the concept of the "service territory" as defined in Section 1 (a). The City also agrees to promote the ESP Dublin office and its services through its contacts. (b) Staffing. The City of Dublin agrees to provide input to the hiring of the "BDR" in accordance with Section 1 (b). The City of Dublin will participate in such a manner as to ensure the timely hiring of the employee. The City agrees to provide timely input to TechColumbus regarding the performance of the BDR. The City Manager will designate one person to represent the City in the hiring and performance review processes. (c) Deal Flow. The City agrees that maximizing "deal flow" is essential to the success of achieving job creation and is committed to do so. The City will help to identify prospective entrepreneurial start-up companies best suited for a capital investment and high-growth and refer those to TechColumbus. The City will assist with promoting the Dublin ESP by using its own communication tools such as the Community Bulletin Board Channel, local newspapers and its communication venue with the Dublin Chamber. The City will assist with providing information on the City's economic development website and a link on that website to TechColumbus. (d) Entrepreneurial assistance programs and TechColumbus relationships. The City agrees to assist with the promotion of entrepreneurial assistance programs and activities by using its own communication tools such as the Community Bulletin Board Channel, local newspapers and its communication venue with the Dublin Chamber. The City will assist with providing 4 Agreement As of: May 24, 2007 TechColumbus and the City of Dublin, Ohio information on the City's economic development website and a link on that website to TechColumbus. (e) Minimum Performance Metrics. The City agrees to the minimum performance metrics established in Section 1 (g). Section 3. Incubator/Accelerator. (a) Definition. An incubator/accelerator for purposes of this Agreement is defined as physical spaces/office(s) located in the City of Dublin for the purpose of incubating and/or accelerating the successful development of start-up and fledgling companies by providing entrepreneurs with an array of targeted resources, services and physical space. (b) Asssessment of need. TechColumbus and the City agree to assess the need for an incubator/accelerator on an ongoing basis. TechColumbus and the City agree to work together to pursue funding for such facility(ies). (c) Establishing an Incubator/Accelerator . An Incubator/Accelerator may be established in the City of Dublin upon mutual written agreement between TechColumbus and the City. (d) Use of ESP Grant Funds for Incubator/Accelerator. TechColumbus will advise the City of Dublin immediately upon any change to ESP governing rules that would allow ESP grant dollars to be used for purchase and/or leasing of facilities for an incubator/accelerator. Section 4. Governance. TechColumbus and the City agree to the following governance requirements: (a) City Representation. TechColumbus agrees that the City will be given a seat on the Entrepreneurial Advisory Committee of the ESP program/ TechColumbus. Section 5. Budget. {a) Minimum Budget. TechColumbus and the City agree that the budget, as presented in Exhibit "A", shall serve as the "minimum budget" representing the estimated revenues and operational expenditures. This budget shall not be reduced unless by mutual written agreement between the TechColumbus and the City. {b) Additional Funds. TechColumbus and the City acknowledge that mare funds may be made available to the budget as a result of ESP grant funds "following the deal flow" (ie the more deal flow the more grant money allocated) within the greater 15 county service territory. TechColumbus and the City agree to jointly pursue additional funding to maximize the effectiveness and success of their joint efforts. The City may agree to contribute additional funds for the purpose of attracting additional grant funding or as additional local contribution to achieve certain objectives or to provide incentive(s) to a company. The addition of these funds will be provided upon mutual written agreement between TechColumbus and the City. Additional funds may be provided by others (Cities, corporations and investors in the "service territory"). Such funds will be provided to TechColumbus and managed by TechColumbus. (c) Distribution of Funds. The City of Dublin will pay TechColumbus its $250,000 matching funds per year in four equal installments of $62,500. The Agreement As of: May 24, 2407 TechColumbus and the City of Dublin, Ohio first payment will be made within 30 days of the execution of this Agreement, with the remaining payments being made every 90 days thereafter. TechColumbus will have responsibility to administer the budget as mutually agreed upon and make all payments as required in a timely and responsible manner and in accordance with its obligations and applicable laws, rules and codes. (d) Audit. The City of Dublin reserves the right to audit this program by its own means or by a third party hired by the City at the City's expense and at a time(s) determined by the City for the purpose of auditing the use of the City and State provided funds. Section 6. Miscellaneous. (a) Notices. Except as otherwise specifically set forth in this Agreement, all notices, demands, requests, consents or approvals given, required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed sufficiently given if actually received or if hand-delivered or sent by recognized, overnight delivery service or by certified mail, postage prepaid and return receipt requested, addressed to the other party at the address set forth in this Agreement or any addendum to or counterpart of this Agreement, or to such other address as the recipient shall have previously notified the sender of in writing, and shall be deemed received upon actual receipt, unless sent by certified mail, in which event such notice shall be deemed to have been received when the return receipt is signed or refused. For purposes of this agreement, notices shall be addressed to: a. the City at: City of Dublin, Economic Development 5800 Shier Rings Road Dublin, Ohio 43016-7295 b. TechColumbus at: TechColumbus, Steve Clark/Will Indest 1275 Kinnear Road Columbus, Ohio 43212 The parties, by notice given hereunder, may designate any further or different addresses to which subsequent notices; certificates, requests or other communications shall be sent. (b) Extent of Provisions; No Personal Liability. All rights, remedies, representations, warranties, covenants, agreements and obligations of the City under this Agreement shall be ef~'ective to the extent authorized and permitted by applicable law. No representation, warranty, covenant, agreement, obligation or stipulation contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to constitute a representation, warranty, covenant, agreement, obligation or stipulation of any present or future trustee, member, officer, agent or employee of the City or TechColumbus in other than his or her of~"icial capacity. No official executing or approving the City's or TechColumbus' participation in this Agreement shall be liable personally under this Agreement or be subject to any personal liability or accountability by reason of the issuance thereof. 6 Agreement As of: May 24, 2007 TechColumbus and the City of Dublin, Ohio (c) Most Favorite Nation. The City of Dublin shall be afforded the same opportunity to use ESP Grant dollars in the same manner TechColumbus may allow grant dollars to be used in other communities provided such use is not covered elsewhere or otherwise permitted or governed by this Agreement. (d) Successors. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of TechColumbus and its successors and assigns. (e) Recitals. The City and TechColumbus acknowledge and agree that the facts and circumstances as described in the Recitals hereto are in an integral part of this Agreement and as such are incorporated herein by reference. (f) Amendments. This Agreement may only be amended by written instrument executed by the City and TechColumbus. (g) Executed Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be regarded as an original and all of which shall constitute but one and the same agreement. It shall not be necessary in proving this Agreement to produce or account for more than one of those counterparts. (h) Severability. In case any section or provision of this Agreement, or any covenant, agreement, obligation or action, or part thereof, made, assumed, entered into or taken, or any application thereof, is held to be illegal or invalid for any reason, a. That illegality or invalidity shall not affect the remainder hereof or thereof, any other section or provision hereof, or any other covenant, agreement, obligation or action, or part thereof, made, assumed, entered into or taken, all of which shall be construed and enforced asa if the illegal or invalid portion were not contained herein or therein. b. The illegality or invalidity of any application hereof or thereof shall not affect any legal and valid application hereof or thereof, and c. Each section, provision, covenant, agreement, obligation or action, or part thereof, shall be deemed to be effective, operative, made, assumed, entered into or taken in the manner and to the full extent permitted by law. (i) Termination. The City of Dublin or TechColumbus may terminate this Agreement. Termination can only be done on an annual basis. The terminating party must provide notice to the other party at least b0 days prior to the annual anniversary of the effective date of this Agreement. Should the City terminate it will pay in full its annual obligation for the period prior to termination. Should the City terminate its participation prior to its three year commitment of $250,000 per year for three years for a total of $750,000, it does not forfeit Dublin companies' ability to continue to access ESP grant dollars and they shall be given equal access as companies in other communities which provided no matching dollars. The City of Dublin understands that should it terminate prior to the end of its three year commitment and not pay the full $750,000, that the State of Ohio may reduce the overall amount of ESP grant dollars it makes available to the 15 county service area unless other sources of match are identified. Should TechColumbus terminate, TechColumbus will 7 Agreement As of: May 24, 2407 TechColumbus and the City of Dublin, Ohio serve the City for the full year upon anniversary of this Agreement and provide those services outlined herein. (j) Captions. The captions and headings in this Agreement are for convenience only and in no way define, limit or describe the scope or intent of any provisions or section of this Agreement. (k) Governing Law and Choice of Forum. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Ohio or applicable federal law. All claims, counterclaims, disputes and other matters in question between the City, its agents and employees, and TechColumbus, its employees and agents, arising out of or relating to this Agreement or its breach will be decided in a court of competent jurisdiction within Franklin, County, Ohio. (1) Survival of Representation and Warranties. All representations and warranties of TechColumbus and the City in this Agreement shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement. (m) Indemnification. Provider agrees to indemnify, protect, defend and hold harmless Dublin and its elected officials, officers, employees, agents and volunteers from and against any claims, costs (including reasonable attorney's fees and court costs), expenses, damages, liabilities, obligations, losses or judgments to the extent arising out of , or in connection with, any claim, demand or action made, if such claims, costs, expenses, damages, liabilities, obligations, losses or judgments are directly or indirectly related to providers furnishing or failing to furnish equipment and/or services as required herein. Remainder of Page IntentionallyLeftBlank Agreement As of: May 24, 2407 TechColumbus and the City of Dublin, Ohio IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the City and TechColumbus have caused this Agreement to be executed in their respective names by their duly authorized representatives, all as of the date first written above. CITY OF DUBLIN, OHIO By: Printed: Jane S. Brauti~am Title: City Manager Approved as to Form: By: Printed: Stephen J. Smith Title: Director of Law TECHCOLUMBUS By: Printed: Ted Ford Title: President & CEO 9 Exhibit "A" Revenues City of Dublin &TechColumbus Budget Note Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total City of Dublin -matching grant $ 250,000 $ 250,000 $ 250,000 $ 750,000 TechColumbus -ESP Grant (a) $ 500,000 $ 500,000 $ 500,000 $ 1,500,000 Total Revenues $ 750, 000 $ 750, 000 $ 750, 000 $ 2, 250, 000 Operational Expenditures Incubator Personnel -salary/benefits (b) $ 125,000 $ 125,000 $ 125,000 $ 375,000 Lease space (c) $ 10,000 $ 10,000 $ 10,000 $ 30,000 Operating (phone/copier/internet/etc.) $ 25,000 $ 25,000 $ 25,000 $ 75,000 Insurance & other admin $ 15,000 $ 15,000 $ 15,000 $ 45,000 Deal Flow Generation $ 25,000 $ 25,000 $ 25,000 $ 75,000 Entrepreneurial Assistance Programs (d) $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $ 150,000 Total Expenditures $ 250, 000 $ 250, 000 $ 250, 000 $ 750, 000 Matching $s for pre-seed Capital funding (e) $ 500,000 $ 500,000 $ 500,000 $ 1,500,000 Total regional funds available from ESP Note (a): Reflects 2:1 matching grant Note (b): Assumes one staff member located in Dublin Note (c ): Assumes 500 sq ft at $17.00/sp ft Note (d): Staffing and programming available at Tec Columbus and Dublin Note (e): This represents matching $s available to region for pre-seed capital funding. Funding follows "deal flow." $6,200,000